A formula in Excel is a string of characters, numbers, and cell references that defines the computation to be performed. These formulas can be as simple as a single cell reference, like A1, or as complex as a complex mathematical calculation involving multiple cell references, constants, and Excel functions.
There are three types of formulas in Excel:
Value Formulas:
These formulas return a single value as a result. They are typically used in cells that display calculated values or when defining data validation rules. For example, =A1+B1 is a value formula that adds the values in cells A1 and B1.
Array Formulas:
These formulas return an array of values. They are typically used when applying a calculation to a range of cells, such as when filling down or across.
To enter an array formula, press Ctrl+Shift+Enter after typing the formula instead of just Enter. For example, ={1,2,3}*4 is an array formula that multiplies each number in the array by 4.
Structured Reference Formulas:
These formulas allow you to refer to and manipulate entire ranges of cells within a worksheet or across multiple worksheets in a workbook. They are commonly used in data analysis tasks and pivot tables. For example, =SUM(A1:A10) is a structured reference formula that adds up the values in cells A1 through A10.
Excel also provides a large number of built-in functions to perform specific calculations or operations. These functions can be used within formulas to achieve the desired results. Some common functions include SUM, AVERAGE, COUNT, IF, VLOOKUP, and INDEX.
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